Français Grammar
Complete grammar guide from beginner to intermediate
Master French grammar from beginner to intermediate level. Our comprehensive guide covers A1, A2, and B1 grammar topics with clear explanations, conjugation tables, and practical examples to help you speak and write French correctly.
Beginner
Basic grammar rules, simple sentence structures, and essential verb forms.
Articles
Learn French definite articles (le, la, les), indefinite articles (un, une, des), and when to use each type.
Personal Pronouns
Learn the basic French personal pronouns (je, tu, il, elle, nous, vous, ils, elles) and how to use them in simple sentences. Understand the distinction between formal 'vous' and informal 'tu', as well as gender differences in third person plural pronouns.
Noun Gender
Understand French noun genders (masculine and feminine) and learn common patterns to identify gender from word endings.
Present Tense
Conjugate French verbs in the present tense across the three main verb groups (-er, -ir, -re) and common irregular verbs.
Basic Word Order
Learn fundamental French sentence structure. French follows Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) order like English, but with important differences in adjective placement, pronoun position, and question formation. Master these patterns to build correct simple sentences.
Negation
Form negative sentences in French using ne...pas and other negative expressions like ne...jamais, ne...rien, ne...personne.
Elementary
Past tenses, comparatives, and more complex sentence structures.
Past Tense (Simple Past)
Learn the French imparfait (imperfect) tense for describing past habits, ongoing states, and background actions. Understand how it differs from passé composé, master its regular formation, and know when to use each past tense for natural storytelling.
Past Tenses
Master French past tenses: passé composé for completed actions and imparfait for descriptions and habits.
Object Pronouns
Use French direct and indirect object pronouns (le, la, les, lui, leur) and understand their placement in sentences.
Present Perfect Tense (Passé Composé)
Master the French passé composé, the most common past tense for describing completed actions. Learn to form it with avoir and être, understand past participle agreement, and know which verbs take être. This tense is essential for talking about past events, experiences, and completed actions in everyday French.
Possessives
Express ownership in French using possessive adjectives (mon, ma, mes) and possessive pronouns (le mien, la mienne).
Prepositions (Location & Direction)
Master French prepositions for expressing location, direction, and movement. Learn when to use à , de, dans, sur, sous, chez, and more. Understand how prepositions combine with articles to form contracted forms like au, aux, du, and des.
Intermediate
Subjunctive mood, passive voice, and advanced grammar concepts.
Future Tense
Express future actions in French using the futur simple, futur proche (aller + infinitive), and understand when to use each.
Subjunctive and Conditional
Master the French subjunctive mood for expressing wishes and emotions, and the conditional for hypothetical situations.
Relative Clauses
Connect clauses in French using relative pronouns qui, que, dont, où, and understand when to use each.
Passive Voice
Form passive sentences in French using être + past participle, and understand when to use passive vs active voice.
Reported Speech
Report what others said in French using indirect speech, with appropriate tense shifts and pronoun changes.
Past Perfect Tense (Plus-que-parfait)
Master the French plus-que-parfait (past perfect) to describe actions that occurred before another past action. Formed with the imperfect of avoir or être plus the past participle, this tense is essential for storytelling, explaining sequences of past events, and reported speech in the past.