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A1 German GrammarBasic Prepositions

Learn essential German prepositions for location and time: in, auf, an, bei, mit, nach, zu, von. Understand which case each preposition requires and use them correctly in everyday sentences.

1Dative Prepositions

Some prepositions always take the dative case. The most common are: aus, bei, mit, nach, seit, von, zu. Remember: these ALWAYS need dative, regardless of movement.

Common Dative Prepositions

PrepositionEnglishExample
ausfrom, out ofaus dem Haus
beiat, near, withbei meiner Mutter
mitwithmit dem Bus
nachto, afternach Berlin
vonfrom, ofvon der Arbeit
zutozum Arzt

Examples

Ich komme aus Deutschland.

I come from Germany.

aus = from (origin)

Ich fahre mit dem Zug.

I travel by train.

mit + dative for transportation

Nach dem Essen gehen wir.

After the meal we go.

nach = after (time)

Ich wohne bei meinen Eltern.

I live with my parents.

bei = at someone's place

2Accusative Prepositions

Some prepositions always take the accusative case. The most common are: durch, für, gegen, ohne, um. These are less frequent than dative prepositions but still essential.

Common Accusative Prepositions

PrepositionEnglishExample
durchthroughdurch den Park
fürforfür meinen Vater
gegenagainstgegen die Wand
ohnewithoutohne mich
umaround, at (time)um drei Uhr

Examples

Das Geschenk ist für dich.

The gift is for you.

für + accusative

Wir gehen durch den Park.

We walk through the park.

durch = through

Ich gehe nie ohne mein Handy.

I never go without my phone.

ohne = without

Um wie viel Uhr kommst du?

At what time are you coming?

um for clock time

3Contractions

German often contracts prepositions with articles. These contractions are very common in speech and writing. Learning them makes your German sound more natural.

Common Contractions

Full FormContractionExample
in + demimim Haus (in the house)
in + dasinsins Kino (to the cinema)
an + demamam Montag (on Monday)
zu + demzumzum Arzt (to the doctor)
zu + derzurzur Schule (to school)
von + demvomvom Bahnhof (from the station)

Examples

Ich bin im Büro.

I am in the office.

im = in dem

Wir gehen ins Restaurant.

We are going to the restaurant.

ins = in das

Am Wochenende schlafe ich lange.

On the weekend I sleep late.

am = an dem

Ich gehe zum Supermarkt.

I go to the supermarket.

zum = zu dem

4Location vs. Direction

For location questions (Wo? - Where?), use the preposition with its required case. For direction (Wohin? - Where to?), use zu, nach, or in + accusative. This distinction is fundamental in German.

Location vs. Direction

QuestionMeaningExample Preposition
Wo?Where? (location)in, an, auf, bei
Wohin?Where to? (direction)nach, zu, in + Akk
Woher?Where from? (origin)aus, von

Examples

Wo bist du? - Ich bin in der Schule.

Where are you? - I am at school.

Wo = location (dative)

Wohin gehst du? - Ich gehe zur Schule.

Where are you going? - I am going to school.

Wohin = direction (zu + dative)

Woher kommst du? - Ich komme aus der Schule.

Where do you come from? - I come from school.

Woher = origin (aus + dative)

Nach Deutschland fliegen wir morgen.

We fly to Germany tomorrow.

nach for countries/cities