Español Grammar
Complete grammar guide from beginner to intermediate
Master Spanish grammar from beginner to intermediate level. Our comprehensive guide covers A1, A2, and B1 grammar topics with clear explanations, conjugation tables, and practical examples to help you speak and write Spanish correctly.
Beginner
Basic grammar rules, simple sentence structures, and essential verb forms.
Personal Pronouns
Learn Spanish subject pronouns (yo, tĂş, Ă©l, ella, etc.) and understand when to use or omit them. Spanish often drops subject pronouns since verb endings indicate the subject.
Present Tense
Master Spanish present tense verb conjugations for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs. Learn regular patterns and start communicating about daily actions, habits, and current states.
Articles (Definite & Indefinite)
Learn Spanish definite articles (el, la, los, las) and indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas). Understand gender and number agreement with nouns, including special cases.
Basic Word Order
Learn Spanish sentence structure and the flexible SVO (Subject-Verb-Object) word order. Understand how Spanish allows more flexibility than English and when different orders are used.
Numbers 1-100
Count in Spanish from 1 to 100. Learn the patterns for forming numbers, including special rules for uno/una agreement and the unique forms for 11-15 and multiples of ten.
Basic Questions
Form questions in Spanish using question words (qué, quién, dónde, cuándo, por qué, cómo) and yes/no questions. Learn proper word order and the use of inverted question marks.
Elementary
Past tenses, comparatives, and more complex sentence structures.
Past Tense (Pretérito Indefinido)
Learn the Spanish simple past tense (pretérito indefinido) for completed actions. Master regular -ar, -er, -ir conjugations and common irregular verbs like ser, ir, tener, and hacer.
Present Perfect Tense
Form the Spanish present perfect (pretérito perfecto) with haber + past participle. Use it for recent past, life experiences, and actions with present relevance. Common in Spain.
Possessive Pronouns
Replace nouns with Spanish possessive pronouns (mĂo, tuyo, suyo, nuestro, vuestro). Learn the long forms that stand alone and agree in gender and number with the possessed item.
Prepositions (Location & Direction)
Master Spanish prepositions for describing location (encima de, debajo de, al lado de) and direction (hacia, hasta). Learn compound prepositions and their use with estar and verbs of motion.
Comparatives & Superlatives
Compare things in Spanish using más...que, menos...que, and tan...como. Form superlatives with el/la más and learn irregular forms like mejor, peor, mayor, and menor.
Modal Verbs
Express ability, obligation, and desire with Spanish modal verbs: poder (can), deber (must/should), tener que (have to), querer (want), and saber (know how to). Learn their conjugations and uses.
Intermediate
Subjunctive mood, passive voice, and advanced grammar concepts.
Past Tenses: Preterite vs Imperfect
Master the Spanish past tenses: pretérito indefinido (preterite) for completed actions and pretérito imperfecto (imperfect) for descriptions, habits, and ongoing past actions. Learn when to use each tense.
Future Tense
Master the Spanish simple future tense (futuro simple) to express plans, predictions, and probability. Learn the regular conjugations with their distinctive -é, -ás, -á endings, plus common irregular verbs like tener, poder, venir, and saber.
Subjunctive & Conditional
Learn the Spanish conditional tense (condicional simple) for polite requests, hypothetical situations, and wishes. Master conditional conjugations and understand when to use it with si clauses. Explore the connection between conditional and subjunctive moods.
Perfect Tenses
Master Spanish compound tenses: pretérito perfecto (present perfect), pluscuamperfecto (past perfect), and futuro perfecto. Learn haber conjugation and irregular past participles.
Possessive Pronouns and Adjectives
Master Spanish possessives: short forms (mi, tu, su) before nouns, long forms (mĂo, tuyo, suyo) after nouns or as pronouns. Learn agreement rules and how to clarify su/suyo ambiguity.
Relative Clauses
Master Spanish relative clauses using que, quien, el cual, cuyo, and donde to add information about nouns. Learn when to use each relative pronoun and understand the difference between defining and non-defining clauses. Create sophisticated, flowing sentences.