Svenska Grammar
Complete grammar guide from beginner to intermediate
Master Swedish grammar from beginner to intermediate level. Our comprehensive guide covers A1, A2, and B1 grammar topics with clear explanations, conjugation tables, and practical examples to help you speak and write Swedish correctly.
Beginner
Basic grammar rules, simple sentence structures, and essential verb forms.
Personal Pronouns
Learn the Swedish personal pronouns (I, you, he, she, it, we, they) and how to use them in simple sentences. Swedish pronouns are essential for basic communication and form the foundation for constructing sentences.
Present Tense
Master present tense verb conjugations in Swedish. Unlike many European languages, Swedish verbs don't change based on the subject - the same form is used for all persons. This makes Swedish verb conjugation remarkably simple once you learn the patterns.
Articles (Definite & Indefinite)
Learn how Swedish articles work - including the unique feature where definite articles are attached as suffixes to nouns. Understand the two-gender system (en/ett) and how it affects all articles and adjectives.
Basic Word Order
Learn the fundamental sentence structure in Swedish. Master the crucial V2 rule where the verb must be the second element in main clauses. Understanding Swedish word order is essential for building correct sentences.
Numbers 1-100
Learn to count in Swedish from 1 to 100. Master the Swedish number system which is similar to English but with some unique features. Essential for everyday situations like shopping, telling time, and giving your phone number.
Basic Questions
Learn to form yes/no questions and use Swedish question words (vem, vad, var, när, varför, hur). Swedish questions use V2 word order with inversion, placing the verb before the subject. Master these patterns to ask questions confidently in everyday situations.
Elementary
Past tenses, comparatives, and more complex sentence structures.
Past Tense (Simple Past)
Learn to describe completed actions in Swedish using the simple past tense (preteritum). Understand the four verb groups and their different past tense formations. Master regular patterns and common irregular verbs.
Present Perfect Tense
Master the Swedish present perfect (perfekt) formed with 'har' + supine. Use it for completed actions with present relevance, experiences, and recent events. Learn the four verb groups and their supine endings: -at, -t, -tt, and irregular forms.
Possessive Pronouns
Learn Swedish possessive pronouns that replace nouns (mine, yours, his, hers). Understand the difference between possessive adjectives (my, your) and possessive pronouns (mine, yours), and how they agree with the noun's gender.
Prepositions (Location & Direction)
Master Swedish prepositions for expressing location, direction, and movement. Learn the key differences between 'i' and 'på', when to use 'till' vs 'mot', and other essential preposition patterns.
Comparatives & Superlatives
Learn to compare things in Swedish using comparatives (bigger, smaller) and superlatives (biggest, smallest). Master the regular -are/-ast patterns and important irregular forms.
Modal Verbs
Master Swedish modal verbs to express ability, permission, necessity, and wishes. Learn how to use kan, måste, ska, vill, får, and bör with correct word order and meaning.
Intermediate
Subjunctive mood, passive voice, and advanced grammar concepts.
Future Tense
Learn the multiple ways to express future time in Swedish. Master 'ska', 'kommer att', and present tense for future, understanding when to use each construction for plans, predictions, and scheduled events.
Subjunctive & Conditional
Express hypothetical situations, wishes, and polite requests in Swedish using 'skulle' and conditional constructions. Master if-clauses (om-satser) and understand how Swedish handles unreal conditions.
Relative Clauses
Add information to nouns using relative clauses with 'som' (who, which, that). Learn when 'som' can be omitted, how to use 'vars' for possession, and master relative clause word order.
Passive Voice
Learn to form and use the passive voice in Swedish using the -s suffix and 'bli/vara + past participle'. Understand when to use passive for formal writing, processes, and when the agent is unknown or unimportant.
Reported Speech
Learn to report what others said in Swedish using indirect speech. Master the tense shifts, pronoun changes, and reporting verbs like 'säga', 'berätta', and 'fråga' for statements, commands, and questions.
Past Perfect Tense
Describe actions completed before another past action using the Swedish past perfect (pluskvamperfekt). Form it with 'hade' + supine and use it to establish clear sequences in storytelling, explanations, and complex narratives.