Polish Grammar for Intermediate LearnersCEFR B1 Level
Master advanced concepts like subjunctive mood and passive voice.
Advance your Polish skills with B1 intermediate grammar. Learn subjunctive mood, passive voice, conditional sentences, and nuanced grammar rules. Designed for confident learners aiming for fluency in Polish.
Future Tense
Express future plans, predictions, and intentions in Polish. Learn both the simple future (perfective verbs) and compound future (b臋d臋 + imperfective). Understand when to use each form and how they differ in meaning and usage.
Subjunctive & Conditional
Express hypothetical situations, wishes, and polite requests in Polish using the conditional mood (tryb warunkowy). Learn to form conditionals with the particle by and past tense forms. Master real vs. unreal conditions and polite conditional expressions.
Relative Clauses
Master Polish relative clauses using kt贸ry, kt贸ra, kt贸re (who, which, that) to add information to nouns. Learn how these relative pronouns decline for gender, number, and case to agree with their antecedent. Create sophisticated, flowing sentences.
Passive Voice
Learn to form the passive voice in Polish using the particle si臋 or the past passive participle with by膰. Shift focus from the doer to the action or recipient. Essential for formal writing, descriptions, and impersonal statements.
Reported Speech
Master indirect speech in Polish to report what others said. Learn how to use 偶e (that) clauses and adapt tenses, pronouns, and time expressions. Essential for storytelling, relaying messages, and formal communication.
Past Perfect Tense
Express actions completed before another past event using the Polish past perfect (czas zaprzesz艂y). Though rarely used in everyday speech, it's essential for formal writing and clear storytelling to establish sequence of past events.
Infinitive vs Gerund
Master the use of infinitives (bezokolicznik) and verbal nouns (rzeczownik odczasownikowy) in Polish. Learn when to use the infinitive form after verbs like chcie膰, musie膰, m贸c, and when to use nominal constructions with -nie/-cie endings.
Adverbs & Adverb Position
Master Polish adverbs (przys艂贸wki) and their placement in sentences. Learn to form adverbs from adjectives using -o/-e endings, understand manner, time, and place adverbs, and know the flexible but meaningful positions in Polish word order.
Genitive Case
Master the Polish genitive case (dope艂niacz), one of the most frequently used cases. Learn to express possession, use after negation, after certain prepositions, and with quantities. Essential for natural Polish communication.
Modal Verbs with Perfect Tenses
Learn how to use Polish modal verbs (musie膰, m贸c, chcie膰) in past and conditional tenses. Master the construction of complex verb phrases where modal verbs combine with infinitives to express past ability, necessity, and hypothetical situations.
Subjunctive II (Konjunktiv II)
Master Polish conditional mood for expressing hypothetical situations, wishes, and polite requests. Learn to form and use the tryb warunkowy, understand gdyby-clauses, and express politeness in Polish conversation.
Participial Adjectives
Use present and past participles as adjectives in Polish. Learn active participles (-膮cy/-膮ca/-膮ce) and passive participles (-ny/-ty), their formation, and how they add descriptive power to your sentences for sophisticated expression.
Two-Way Prepositions
Master Polish prepositions that take different cases for location vs direction. Learn when to use accusative (direction) vs locative (location), and how Polish cases determine the meaning of spatial expressions.
Complex Sentence Structure
Build sophisticated Polish sentences using advanced connectors like chocia偶 (although), mimo 偶e (despite), o ile (provided that), skoro (since), and others. Master the art of combining clauses to express nuanced relationships between ideas.