Portuguese Grammar for Intermediate LearnersCEFR B1 Level
Master advanced concepts like subjunctive mood and passive voice.
Advance your Portuguese skills with B1 intermediate grammar. Learn subjunctive mood, passive voice, conditional sentences, and nuanced grammar rules. Designed for confident learners aiming for fluency in Portuguese.
Future Tense
Master the Portuguese future tense to express plans, predictions, and intentions. Learn the simple future (futuro simples), the informal ir + infinitive construction, and the future subjunctive for conditional and temporal clauses.
Subjunctive & Conditional
Express wishes, hypothetical situations, and polite requests in Portuguese. Master the present subjunctive, imperfect subjunctive, and conditional mood. Learn to form complex sentences with se (if) clauses and express uncertainty or desire.
Relative Clauses
Add information to nouns using Portuguese relative pronouns que, quem, o qual, onde, and cujo. Learn to build sophisticated sentences that describe people, things, and places. Master both defining and non-defining relative clauses.
Passive Voice
Shift focus from the doer to the action using Portuguese passive constructions. Learn the ser + past participle passive for formal contexts, the se passivo reflexive construction for everyday speech, and when to use each form appropriately.
Reported Speech
Report what others said using Portuguese indirect speech. Master the tense shifts, pronoun changes, and time expressions needed when converting direct quotes to reported speech. Learn common reporting verbs like dizer, contar, perguntar, and afirmar.
Past Perfect Tense
Describe actions completed before another past action using the Portuguese pluperfect (mais-que-perfeito). Learn both the compound form with tinha + past participle (common in speech) and the simple pluperfect form (literary). Essential for storytelling and sequencing past events.
Infinitive vs Gerund
Master when to use the infinitive and gerund (gerúndio) in Portuguese. Learn the unique personal infinitive that conjugates for different subjects, the gerund for ongoing actions, and which verbs and prepositions require each form.
Adverbs & Adverb Position
Modify verbs, adjectives, and sentences with Portuguese adverbs. Learn how to form adverbs from adjectives using -mente, understand the different types of adverbs, and master their correct placement in sentences.
Genitive Case
Express possession and relationships between nouns in Portuguese. Learn the preposition de for possession (o livro do João), contractions with articles (de + o = do), and alternative possessive constructions. Portuguese has no case endings but uses de extensively.
Double Infinitive Construction
Master Portuguese compound infinitive constructions and verb chains. Learn the personal infinitive (unique to Portuguese), perfect infinitive for past actions, and how to combine multiple verbs naturally in complex sentences.
Subjunctive II (Konjunktiv II)
Master Portuguese conditional mood for expressing hypothetical situations, wishes, and polite requests. Learn to form the condicional (futuro do pretérito), understand se-clauses, and express politeness in Portuguese.
Participial Adjectives
Use present and past participles as adjectives to create rich descriptions in Portuguese. Learn the difference between -ante/-ente (interesting, surprising) and -ado/-ido (interested, surprised) forms, and when to use each type.
Two-Way Prepositions
Master Portuguese prepositions for location and direction. Learn when to use 'em' vs 'para/a', 'sobre' for surfaces, and how verbs determine whether prepositions express static location or movement to a destination.
Complex Sentence Structure
Build sophisticated Portuguese sentences using advanced connectors like embora (although), apesar de (despite), assim que (as soon as), desde que (since/provided that), and others. Master combining clauses to express nuanced relationships between ideas.