Italian Grammar for Elementary LearnersCEFR A2 Level
Build on the basics with past tenses and more complex structures.
Build on your Italian foundations with A2 elementary grammar. Master past tense, future tense, comparative forms, and more complex sentence structures. Ideal for learners ready to expand their Italian grammar knowledge beyond the basics.
Past Tense (Passato Remoto)
Learn the passato remoto (simple past/preterite), used for completed actions in the distant past, especially in literature and Southern Italian speech. Master the regular conjugations for -are, -ere, and -ire verbs, as well as common irregular verbs like essere, avere, and fare.
Past Tenses
Master the passato prossimo and imperfetto to describe completed actions and ongoing past situations in Italian.
Object Pronouns
Use Italian direct and indirect object pronouns correctly, including their position before verbs and combined forms.
Present Perfect Tense (Passato Prossimo)
Master the Italian passato prossimo, the most common past tense in spoken Italian. Learn how to form it with avere and essere, when to use each auxiliary verb, and how past participles agree with the subject or object.
Possessive Pronouns
Learn Italian possessive pronouns (il mio, la tua, i suoi) to replace nouns and indicate ownership. In Italian, possessive pronouns have the same forms as possessive adjectives but stand alone. They agree in gender and number with the thing possessed, not the owner.
Possessive Adjectives
Use Italian possessive adjectives with articles, understanding when to omit the article with family members.
Prepositions (Location & Direction)
Master Italian prepositions for expressing location, direction, and movement. Learn the articulated prepositions (preposizioni articolate) formed by combining simple prepositions with definite articles, and understand when to use a, da, in, su, and per.
Comparatives and Superlatives
Compare people and things in Italian using più, meno, and irregular comparative forms like meglio and migliore.
Modal Verbs
Use Italian modal verbs potere, volere, and dovere to express ability, desire, and obligation in various tenses.
Reflexive Verbs
Master Italian reflexive verbs (verbi riflessivi) which use reflexive pronouns to indicate actions performed on oneself. These verbs are essential for daily routines and expressing emotions.
Coordinating Conjunctions
Connect sentences and ideas in Italian using coordinating conjunctions (congiunzioni coordinanti). Master e, ma, o, però, quindi, and other essential linking words for fluid communication.
Subordinate Clauses (perché, che, quando)
Build complex Italian sentences using subordinate clauses. Learn to use perché (because), che (that), quando (when), and se (if) to express cause, time, and conditions clearly.
Object Pronouns (Accusative & Dative)
Replace nouns with Italian direct and indirect object pronouns (lo, la, li, le, mi, ti, gli, le). Learn their position in sentences and how to avoid repetition for smoother communication.
Imperative (Commands)
Give commands and instructions in Italian using the imperative mood (imperativo). Learn both informal (tu, voi) and formal (Lei) forms, as well as negative commands and polite requests.
Adjective Endings
Master Italian adjective agreement with nouns in gender and number. Learn the patterns for -o/-a adjectives and -e adjectives, as well as irregular forms and proper placement.
Temporal Prepositions
Express time precisely in Italian using temporal prepositions. Master da, per, fra/tra, fino a, and durante to talk about duration, deadlines, and time periods accurately.